![]() ![]() In Bedrock Edition, a sealed room in woodland mansions can appear that has a chest sometimes containing an Efficiency I leather cap. ![]() Two armor stands are found in each taiga village outdoor armory, one of them equipped with an iron helmet. The dropped helmets are usually badly damaged, and have a 50% chance of being enchanted with a random enchantment. In Bedrock Edition, vindicators and pillagers spawned in raids have a 8.3525% chance (10.28% on hard) to drop iron helmets. The dropped helmet is usually badly damaged, and may be enchanted with enchantment levels 5-19. If a zombie, husk, stray or skeleton is wearing armor, there is a 8.5% chance (9.5% with Looting I, 10.5% with Looting II and 11.5% with Looting III) for the mob to drop a helmet upon death. Helmets can be repaired in an anvil by adding units of the armor material's repair material, with each repair material restoring 25% of the helmet's maximum durability, rounded down. If the player has access to these resources, in these cases it becomes much more practical compared to brewing multiple Awkward-based Potions or Splash Potions.The durability of the two helmets are added together, plus an extra 5% durability. This potion is especially powerful when being used as a weapon against a mob or in multiplayer mode since it can provide extra offensive attack or defensive resistance to a larger number of players. To brew a Lingering Potion, a Splash Potion must be added to the brewing stand with the Ender Dragon's breath. Then, they will have to acquire Dragon's Breath by using a Glass Both to catch the Ender Dragon's breath. In order to create it, the player must first turn the desired potion into a Splash Potion. ![]() Lingering Potions will create a cloud of gas upon being thrown, which will spread its effects to nearby enemies or teammates. Here are the best potions to turn into Splash Potions:Īnother useful tool, similar to the Splash Potion, is the Lingering Potion, but these are extremely difficult to make since it requires the player to come face-to-face with the Ender Dragon. To turn a regular potion into a Splash Potion, the player must place it back on the brewing stand and add gunpowder to it. Thankfully, it is quite easy to make a Splash Potion. At first, potions might not seem like the most useful offensive weapons, but if used correctly and strategically they can greatly impact on well a player does in a fight, and this might be crucial when facing threatening bosses such as the Wither for example. This means that a Splash Potion of Harming would actually deal damage to whoever it's thrown at it. Splash Potions, on the other hand, can be used against enemies if thrown at them, and that is what makes them so useful in combat. ![]() For example, if the player has a Potion of Harming, all they can do is consume it, which would be impractical as it would only deal damage to them. Potions that have been merely created from an initial Awkward Potion must be consumed therefore they can only have an effect on players - they cannot be considered combat weapons. Placing Nether Wart in the brewing stand along with the Water Bottle will create the infamous Awkward Potion, which opens up a whole new world of potion brewing. Nether Wart is one of the most essential ingredients when it comes to potion brewing in Minecraft - it is indispensable. Players must first acquire Nether Wart by visiting the Nether and finding a Nether Fortress. The next step is what will create the actual base potion. It must then be filled with water at any water source location - this turns the Glass Bottle into a Water Bottle. This can be done by either fishing or crafting one by placing three sand blocks on a crafting table - one on the right and one on the left of the middle row and another one on the center of the bottom row. To make an Awkward Potion, the player needs to obtain a Glass Bottle. It has no effect at all since it is a base potion, but it is a necessary step in order to be able to successfully brew other potions. In order to make any potion at all in Minecraft, the player must first create an Awkward Potion. There are three major potion types: Awkward Potions, Splash Potions, and Lingering Potions. ![]()
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![]() ![]() AMD users require even newer hardware - the Zen 2, which hit the market in 2019, is the oldest AMD CPU compatible with Windows 11. In Windows 11, users can launch directly into Teams chats and meetings with a single click or touch, via an icon that takes a front-and-center position in the taskbar. The oldest CPU you can run Windows 11 with is an 8th generation Intel processor, first launched in August 2017. You'll also need a relatively new processor. Your PC might have a compatible TPM chip that you have not enabled, so perform that check and allow your chip if necessary. You should try it, and of course try getting and SSD. Of course having an HDD means you cannot upgrade Windows and use it normally, or turn on the computer and be able to use everything at normal capacity as soon as it turns on, but it works better than Windows 10 in my opinion. TPM modules are available and compatible with some older motherboards, so look into that before ripping your rig to pieces. Clean install works perfectly and im on a Barracuda HDD 2TB. If you purchased your computer after July 28, 2016, it probably has a compatible TPM chip. You need one with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip that supports TPM 2.0. The good news is that you may not have to buy and install an entirely new motherboard. Unfortunately, for most potential WIndows 11 users at this moment, the required upgrades are more complex and more expensive than installing new RAM or connecting an external hard drive. Related: The Best Tools for Building Your Own Desktop PC If you are unsure, Microsoft's PC Health Check App will check if your PC meets the minimum requirements for Windows 11. Network: Internet connection and Microsoft account.GPU: Graphics card compatible with DirectX 12 or later with WDDM 2.0 driver.TPM: Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0. ![]() System Firmware: UEFI, Secure Boot capable. ![]() Processor: 1GHz or faster with two or more cores must be Intel 8th gen/AMD Zen 2 or newer.The minimum hardware requirements for Windows 11 are as follows: It could be as simple as connecting your computer to the internet or as complex as manually upgrading the hardware inside your PC. Still, if your PC isn't compatible, options and workarounds are available, although they vary regarding the difficulty and risk involved. Most notable is that Microsoft requires users to be online and have an active Microsoft account to use it. To go back to Windows 10, select Start > Settings > System > Recovery > Go back. While the requirement to upgrade a Windows 10 device to Windows 11 is only that the PC be Secure Boot capable by having UEFI/BIOS enabled, you may also consider enabling or turning Secure Boot on for better security.When Windows 11 arrived on the scene, it launched with some restrictive and controversial requirements. After you have installed the Windows 11 upgrade, there is a 10-day period where you can move back to Windows 10 while keeping files and data that you brought along with you. Choose Windows 11 multi-edition ISO from the list, and. Here are a few links to information from some PC manufacturers to help get you started: Step 1: First, visit the Windows 11 download page, and choose the Download Windows 11 Disk Image option. If you are unsure how to make any necessary changes to enable the UEFI/BIOS, we recommend that you check your PC manufacturer’s support information on their website. Below are resource pages with direct download links, if you prefer to download the updates to install them manually. If so, you will need to choose for UEFI to be the first or only option. In some cases, there are options to enable both UEFI and Legacy/CSM. To change these settings, you will need to switch the PC boot mode from one enabled as “Legacy” BIOS (also known as “CSM” Mode) to UEFI/BIOS (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). To access these settings, you can consult your PC manufacturer’s documentation or follow these instructions: Run Settings > Update & Security > Recovery and select Restart now under Advanced startup. From the next screen, select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > UEFI Firmware Settings > Restart to make changes. Firmware, often called BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), is the software that starts up before Windows when you first turn on your PC. Most modern PCs are capable of Secure Boot, but in some instances, there may be settings that cause the PC to appear to not be capable of Secure Boot. These settings can be changed in the PC firmware. Secure Boot is an important security feature designed to prevent malicious software from loading when your PC starts up (boots). ![]() This article is intended for users who are not able to upgrade to Windows 11 because their PC is not currently Secure Boot capable. If you are unfamiliar with this level of technical detail, we recommend that you consult your PC manufacturer’s support information for more instructions specific to your device. ![]() ![]() Daffy comes into the scene, disguised as a hunting dog and Bugs comes in as a lady hunter. ![]() Just as Elmer considers it, a huge elephant appears from behind him, threatens him in a Joe Besser voice ("You do and I'll give ya such a pinch!"), and pre-emptively pounds him into the ground before striding off.Įlmer finally loses patience and vows to take out both "that screwy rabbit" and "that screwball duck". Bugs come out to accuse Elmer of hunting rabbits with an elephant gun, suggesting that Elmer shoot an elephant instead. When Daffy then offers to play tennis, Elmer blasts him again, tells Bugs that he is next, and then begins shooting and chases both of them all the way to the rabbit hole, into which both Daffy and Bugs jump. Disgusted, Bugs gets in Elmer's face and claims there are other sports besides hunting. Elmer tells them that he is a vegetarian and only hunts for "the sport of it" (although, in previous appearances, it has been stated that he was hunting Bugs for rabbit stew). Ignoring Daffy, Bugs then begins to read duck recipes from a cookbook that he pulls from his rabbit hole, and Daffy does the same with a rabbit recipe cookbook that he also pulls from the hole. After Daffy gets blasted, the two shed their costumes as Daffy comments to Bugs how despicable he is. Daffy points at the tree however, Bugs has switched the sign to "Rabbit Season Open". Bugs then appears, disguised as Daffy, complete with webbed feet and fake bill, and asks Daffy why he thinks it is duck season. As he sees Elmer approaching, he disguises himself as Bugs and reminds him that it is duck season. He grabs Elmer's gun to make sure, only to be shot with the last bullet.ĭaffy then sees a sign that Bugs has nailed to a tree saying, "Duck Season Open". Bugs relays this apparent fact to Daffy and, thrilled, Daffy comes back. Elmer goes to shoot him, but it appears the gun is out of bullets. When Daffy is shot for the third time, he walks away, his head now upside down. After Daffy's beak spins back into place, he tries the verbal game again, this time starting first. Once he says this, he tells Elmer to fire, which he does. Their conversation breaks down into Bugs engaging Daffy in a verbal sparring match, which results in Daffy being tricked into saying it is duck season. ![]() ![]() Daffy emerges from his hiding spot, furious, and attempts to convince Elmer that Bugs is lying. ![]() As Elmer prepares to shoot again, Bugs informs him that it is not rabbit season, but rather duck season. However, Daffy was returned to his original screwball personality in Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Looney Tunes: Back in Action (in which he got both personalities), Daffy's Rhapsody, New Looney Tunes, Looney Tunes Cartoons, and Bugs Bunny Builders (in which displays both personalities).ĭaffy Duck lures Elmer Fudd to Bugs Bunny's burrow with fake rabbit footprints, calls down to the rabbit that a "friend" is here to see him, then watches from behind a tree as Elmer shoots at the emerged Bugs, parting his ears. This was fueled by Bugs' popularity surpassing Daffy's quickly over the years, increasing the desire of the studio's animators to pair the two together. This personality change, which was previously explored by Jones in You Were Never Duckier and Daffy Dilly, and even earlier in Friz Freleng's You Ought to Be in Pictures, was done in order for Daffy to better serve as Bugs' foil. The film marks a significant shift in Daffy's personality, going from being the insane "screwball" character who (like Bugs) overwhelmed his adversaries, to be a much more flawed individual, full of greed and vanity and desire for attention under the spotlight. Pictures and is often considered among Jones' best and most important films. Cartoons, Inc., the short was released to theaters on by Warner Bros. Produced by Edward Selzer for Warner Bros. Directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese, the cartoon is the first in Jones' "hunting trilogy"-the other two cartoons following it being Rabbit Seasoning and Duck! Rabbit, Duck! It is also the first cartoon to feature a feud between Bugs and Daffy. Rabbit Fire is a 1951 Looney Tunes cartoon starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, and Elmer Fudd. ![]() ![]() ![]() Classic Klondike - alternate version of the game where you can also select between draw 1 and draw 3. ![]() We also offer multiple other versions of Klondike Solitaire where you can submit your score to the high score board and see how well you rank among millions of players around the world! More Free Online Klondike Solitaire Games This game saves your high score on your local computer. In fact, this game is a progressive web app which will even work offline. Our website does not track your play in any way whatsoever. Your gameplay statistics are stored in your web browser. If you wanted to limit yourself to a set number of passes you can, just remember what pass number you are on. This game allows you to shuffle through the reserve pile an unlimited number of times. This menu offers the following features: restart new game, turn sound on or off, switch between turn 3 & turn 1 play, and your overall play statistics.Ĭlicking on the statistics button reveals how many games you played, how many games you won, what your win percentage is, the shortest game time to win, the longest game time to win, your high score, and your lowest score. This game has a menu available via a hamburger menu button in the upper left corner. Left of the undo button is the time played on the hand. The top right corner of the game shows your current score. If you make a particular move you dislike click the undo button. In addition to offering over 100 different free online Solitaire games we also offer other card games, Mahjong games, logic puzzles, hidden object games, word games, simulation games & match 3 games. Hundreds of Free Games For Everyone to Play! ![]() ![]() ![]() Then release the button and it is ready for programming. Now press the * and # button and hold for a while.After that, find the opener ID from the LED light by using the user’s manual.it tells the type of garage door opener you have. you can see a small LED light on the learn button.Firstly, find the garage door opener’s learn button which usually takes place between the antenna wire and the door opener’s motorhead.Programming a Chamberlain garage door opener Keypad Using these three ways, you can program your Chamberlain garage door opener easily. Then, select the REMOTE option from the PROGRAM menu.Select the PROGRAM option and enter into it.Find the features menu on your smart control panel by using the navigation keypad.Program the garage door opener with the smart control panel by using a remote control You will see that the LED light will flash and two clicking sounds will be audible.Press on your remote control button which you want to operate and release the button immediately.You will see the LED light is blinking.Then press two times on the learn button.Firstly, you need to find the learn button on the door control.Program the door control by using a remote control with a LEARN button The door opener programming work has been done.After that, the garage door opener light will be flashing.(This pressing work needs to be conducted within 30 seconds after pressing the LEARN button. Press the button on your remote control that you want to operate.You will find the LED light of the LEARN button show steady.Press firmly on that LEARN button, then release the button quickly.Firstly, find the LEARN button on your garage door opener. ![]() Program the garage door opener with the LEARN button Follow our full instructions to program your Chamberlain garage door opener. The description of these three ways will be discussed in this article easily. Then, program the garage door opener with the smart control panel by using a remote control.Program the door control by using a remote control with a LEARN button.Program the garage door opener with the LEARN button.This instruction also solves your quarries such as how to connect your Chamberlain garage door opener and how to pair the Chamberlain garage door opener with remote control. There are three ways you can program your Chamberlain garage door opener. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The game ran rather smoothly on the system with few caveats. I ran Lego Star Wars on a 2GHz Intel Core Duo iMac with a 128 MB ATI Radeon X1600 graphics processor. Now, admittedly, I am not Lego Star Wars’ main audience-kids are-but I do think young people need to be challenged more, and I don’t think the game demands enough of them. The only real challenge is finding all of the hidden studs and items that litter the world-but these aren’t essential to completing each level. You can take as long as you want to complete the level, as there are no time limits in the game. When your character dies in a level, you lose some studs, but almost immediately the character comes back to life and you keep playing. That said, my biggest complaint with Lego Star Wars: The Complete Saga is that I never felt threatened when playing it. I found most game missions required me to think to complete them, a game trait I admire. I liked getting into light saber fights, using the force, and collecting Lego pieces. During gameplay, I delved fully into my geekiness and took great joy in being able to play as R2D2, Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, and Han Solo. This leads to some annoying camera issues-you’re likely to get dizzy playing the game, as its self-adjusting camera never knows what angle it should be shooting from.įor the most part, game levels are enjoyable. Unfortunately, regardless of what control scheme you choose, you can’t use your mouse. You can also use specialty buttons to jump, use the force, and fight with a light saber. You can use the game’s standard WASD control scheme to control character movements, or you can customize your own controls. Still, gamers of all ages can appreciate that the characters, ships, planets, and most game objects look like they have been constructed from Legos. For adults who grew up with the blocks, the scope can be a bit disappointing. You don’t mash Lego pieces together, follow instructions, and you don’t use your imagination. To construct anything in the game out of Legos, all you have to do is use “the force,” which means you just press “J,” and suddenly Lego objects get constructed. It’s a much narrower focus, but it makes problem solving for kids much easier and the gameplay much smoother. You’re playing an adventure game made of Lego pieces where you’ll ocassionally need to construct certain Lego machines and objects to advance. Though the “Lego” designation conjures up images of creating elaborate block creations, the series has always been a bit more humble in its ambitions. Lego Star Wars, like the rest of the Lego series of adventure games, is meant for a kid audience but can also be appreciated by adults. ![]() ![]() ![]() Search for reputable online background removal tools and choose one that suits your needs. Follow these steps to remove backgrounds using online software: Step 1: Choose an Online Background Removal Tool These tools are convenient and user-friendly, making them ideal for quick background removal tasks. If you don't have access to professional software like Photoshop, you can still remove backgrounds from images using online tools. Removing Background Using Online Software ![]() Choose the desired file format and save your work. Once you are satisfied with the background removal, save the edited image by going to File > Save As. Zoom in and carefully refine the selection to achieve a clean and accurate result. Step 5: Refine the SelectionĪfter erasing the majority of the background, use the Magic Eraser Tool or other selection tools to remove any remaining unwanted pixels. Pay close Attention to edges and intricate details to ensure a precise removal. With the Background Eraser Tool selected and the settings adjusted, carefully start erasing the background by clicking and dragging the tool over the unwanted areas. You can change the brush size, hardness, and other parameters Based on your requirements. Step 3: Adjust Tool Settingsīefore you start erasing the background, adjust the tool settings according to your image. This tool allows you to remove the background by erasing the pixels. Once the image is open, select the Background Eraser Tool from the toolbar on the left- HAND side of the screen. Step 2: Select the Background Eraser Tool To begin, launch Photoshop and open the image you wish to edit by navigating to File > Open. ![]() Here's a step-by-step guide on how to remove backgrounds using Photoshop: Step 1: Open the Image in Photoshop Removing Background Using PhotoshopĪdobe Photoshop is a powerful tool for background removal and offers a wide range of features and options to achieve professional results. In the following sections, we will explore how to use these tools to remove backgrounds effectively. These tools provide basic functionality and are suitable for simple background removal tasks. Windows System Tools: If you are using a Windows operating system, there are built-in tools that you can utilize to remove backgrounds from images. These tools often utilize AI and machine learning algorithms for accurate and efficient results. Online Background Removal Tools: There are various free and paid online tools available that allow you to remove backgrounds from images without the need for software installation. Some popular choices include:Īdobe Photoshop: A professional-grade image editing software widely used in the creative industry, Photoshop offers a multitude of features, including advanced background removal tools. There are several software options that can assist you in removing backgrounds from images, ranging from professional-grade applications to user-friendly online tools. Tools for Background Removalīefore we Delve into the specifics of background removal techniques, it's important to familiarize yourself with the different tools available. In this article, we will explore various methods and tools for background removal, as well as provide step-by-step instructions to help you achieve the desired results. By removing the background, you can Create a clean, polished look that brings the subject of the photo into focus. Whether you want to remove the background for professional reasons or simply for personal use, it can significantly enhance the overall appearance of an image. Have You ever come across a photo that you wish to use but the background is distracting or doesn't fit with your intended purpose? Background removal is the solution to this problem. Removing Background in Various Applications.Removing Background Using Online Software.Instantly Remove Picture Background in Just 1 Second ![]() ![]() ![]() You can head over to our shop to check out our Monthly Meal Planner now or grab a free meal plan template. It’s a printable and digital binder that you can mix and match pages to make the perfect binder that works for you. It doesn’t hurt that you’ll also be saving money by buying the meal plan papers! Our monthly meal plans are an excellent tool to get yourself organized to meal plan and take back control of your family’s nights and get balanced meals on the table. We get to spend less time in the kitchen and more time together as a family during the entire week.Īnd it makes me so happy- the meals are laid out, and nobody has to ask me the dreaded question: “Mooooom, what’s for dinner?” What is The Savvy Couple Monthly Meal Planner? If we have things cooked ahead of time, I can just pull it out of the freezer and heat it- making my weeknights smooth sailing. We may switch things up now and again depending on added plans, but typically we can stick to what we pick, get dinner cooked quickly, and move on with our evening. I love how a good plan comes together and makes my life easier- making our meal plans for the whole month is the perfect example! So leftover chicken can be used for lunch the next day or incorporated into another daily meal, easy as pie. With a built-in day to eat leftovers, I have been saving money on food waste, too, because we make sure not to let food go bad. You can plan your meals, get a grocery list set up that you stick to, and make sure you use up everything you buy. Monthly and weekly meal planning are the best ways to prevent buying too much and having food go to waste. That means if you spend $400 on groceries in a month, as most Americans do, then you may be throwing out almost $130 worth of food! The amount of food waste the average house creates is shocking! Research shows that Americans throw out a whopping 32% of the food they buy. You’ll have all your options picked out and ready to go- so meal planning can help you eat healthier at home and save money from cheap eats! Prevent Food Waste Plus, you’ll eat out less and skip fast food when you’re super busy and on the go. I stopped impulse buying at the grocery store because I learned how to meal plan, and I really stuck to my grocery list. You are less likely to impulse buy at the grocery store- no more spending money on random groceries.Īs soon as I started using our binder, I saw a huge difference in my grocery bill- I spent so much less and had better meals! ![]() When you have a meal plan for your food, your wallet will thank you in many ways. One reason to make meal plans a part of your routine is to save money! Say goodbye to the days of stressing out over last-minute meals and trying to hastily throw dinner together. If a printable monthly meal planner is not for you, there are plenty of awesome meal-planning apps you can use. There are SO many benefits to using our monthly meal planner and for meal planning in general, including saving time, money, and sanity!
![]() Technically you could still mix them together under one platform, but because they're setup differently in Launchbox and sometimes use different formats for the games themselves, I just think it makes more sense to keep them separate. Some games will work in ScummVM in their native DOS format, but no games that are in ScummVM format will work in DOSBox. Each has its own separate tab in the game details for a game (neither of them use the "Emulation" tab), and they're mutually exclusive - it's not as simple as it is with other emulators where you just pick one or the other in the emulator drop-down list (or use the "Launch with" function).Īlso, as I mentioned, ScummVM has its own format for games that isn't usable by DOSBox. I never ever completed this game but the sequels to the range of games were also good hope we get them here soon. Neither of them are treated like a standard emulator in Launchbox. the site tells you which folders you need to play useing the Scumm emulator i. Technically yes, but as I said that's more complicated for DOSBox and ScummVM than it is for say Retroarch and other emulators. Couldn't you put them all in the msdos platform and just run them with different emulators depending on the game? I have a bitter past with those style adventure games anyways, so I probably would just use dosbox for the occasional game from that genre. If it were as simple as other platforms where you can just do a launch-with and just choose a different emulator it wouldn't be as big a deal, but it's not that simple with DOSBox/ScummVM. I know that everything in my "MS-DOS" platform is using DOSBox and everything in my "ScummVM" platform is using ScummVM, I just think it makes more sense that way. You certainly can put them together, and then individually choose whether you want to set them up with ScummVM or DOSBox, but I feel like that's a little bit more difficult to maintain. What I do is import them as DOS (unless they're in ScummVM's exclusive format) and then open ScummVM and see if they can be imported there in that same format, if so, I import them for ScummVM in LB as well. Joined: Wed 8:59 am Myst 3 Files Required and in which location by cire07 Sun 3:04 pm Trying to run myst 3 got all files, and it still says: unable to open archive TOHOnodes. ![]() ![]() I normally import games for both, where able. Some games can be used in ScummVM in their standard/native DOS format. Some games may be in ScummVM's own format (which generally is just a folder with a bunch of gibberish-looking filetype-less files) and these can't be used by DOSBox in that format. exe), and then choosing the relevant game from a drop-down list in the ScummVM tab for the game entry in your library. For ScummVM you're pointing it to a folder (not an. The way DOSBox and ScummVM are handled in Launchbox makes them sortof mutually-exclusive - in the case of DOSBox you're indicating that it's a DOS game/that you want to use DOSBox, create a. ![]() ![]() Santa Barbara National Bank (1966) 247 Cal. Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2019) ♨:1781 citing Burton v. However, Defendant’s failure to bring such a motion is a waiver of their objection to the sufficiency of the information furnished describing the account. ![]() Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial (TRG 2019) ♨:1780. More importantly, if the court finds that any of the line items are deficient it can strike the entry and preclude plaintiff/cross-complainant from proving the debt is owed.Īccording to Code of Civil Procedure §454, if the information in the Bill of Particulars is too general or incomplete, the defendant may make a noticed motion for a further bill. Unlike interrogatories and deposition testimonies, a Bill of Particulars is conclusive as to the items and amounts claimed and no other evidence is admissible at trial. ![]() The closest modern equivalent, though rarely used, is the motion for more definite statement.As stated in the blog “ It’s Not a Discovery Device, But…”, a Demand for Bill of Particulars is NOT a discovery device, but an extension of the complaint or a cross-complaint. A bill of particulars, however, once submitted, confines the pleader to any causes of action or defenses in the bill. It has been observed, however, that the motion for a bill of particulars may have strategic advantages over a § 2-615 motion, because the latter, even where successful, usually results in the plaintiff being given an opportunity to refile. In Illinois, for instance, it is more common for defendants to file a motion to dismiss under the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure § 2–615, claiming the pleaded facts to be insufficient to support the causes of action alleged. states, like New York, Illinois, California (CCP 454), and Virginia, use the bill of particulars, and even there motions for a bill of particulars may be disfavored or disused. state law, the bill of particulars was abolished in nearly all court systems in the 1940s and 1950s due to the widespread recognition that much of the information requested could be obtained more efficiently through the discovery process. The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure provide in rule 7(f) that "the court may direct the government to file a bill of particulars". In civil cases, a bill of particulars is a pleading, which "amplifies" the complaint, but can also act as a discovery device or tool. An insufficient response to a request for a bill of particulars may be grounds for dismissal of the claim, or other sanctions against the responding party. It is not entirely clear whether this can be done in practice in Britain on the Allocation questionnaire. It is rarely used in American small claims cases. In a civil action such as a tort or breach of contract case, either attorney or party can request it. This request may be part of an omnibus motion, motion in limine, or similar motion. However, prosecuting attorneys cannot request the same of the defense. In criminal law, defense attorneys may file a motion requesting a bill of particulars from prosecuting attorneys. A bill of particulars may be used in either criminal defense or in civil litigation. ![]() In common law jurisdictions, a bill of particulars is a detailed, formal, written statement of charges or claims by a plaintiff or the prosecutor given upon the defendant's formal request to the court for more detailed information.
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